Document Details
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Document Type |
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Thesis |
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Document Title |
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Qualitative and quantitative studies to some Bleaching creams and it is biological effects دراسات كيفية وكمية لبعض مستحضرات تفتيح البشرة وتأثيراتها البيولوجية |
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Subject |
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Cosmetics |
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Document Language |
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Arabic |
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Abstract |
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Introduction: since old time till today, a lot of people especially ladies are concerned about making their skin fair, clear and bright, so they used many creams, drugs and mixed herbals to bleach skin, remove black coloration under the eyes, recognize and treat injuries and hide scars... etc. Many people complain of discomfort after application of commonly used skin care products, Acording to the result of many studies on cosmetic products, the active ingredients of bleaching cosmetic creams can cause inflammation and allergy. There are many elements and compounds used as bleaching agents in bleaching cosmetics, but some of them have an ability to break down the natural melanocyte cells. Without melanin, very dangerous diseases will develop. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of chemical and herbal bleaching creams present in Saudi market. Methodology: 27 bleaching creams (selected according to the questioner) with different sources that have been sold in Saudi market (2008-2009) were selected, many experiments of skin creams test were investigated such as: thermal stability, water and fat contents, pH value. HPLC applied on samples for the determination of Hydroquinone and Arbutin, GC-MS used to detect the volatile compounds and essential oil, ICP-MS applied for the determination of toxic and heavy elements (Arsenic, Cadmium, Mercury, Lead, Bismuth, Thallium) and titanium as titanium dioxide after microwave acid digestion of samples, and the last tests are bacteria count test and detection of different types of bacteria. Results: 12 samples don't pass the skin cream tests, so we warn to use them. Limit detection of HPLC was 0.25% and it determined HQ in creams no. 10, 18 in statutable value (2.1%- 1.7%) respectively, and in cream no. 25 in insecure value (7.3%) except under medical observation. Many volatile compounds detected using GC-MS but no essential oil. Most of creams contain different concentrations of toxic heavy elements that lets us to warn consumers who use them. The limit of detection for elements determination was ranged between 0.001-002ppm. The recovery maximum concentration of Bismuth in cream no. 1 (52438.69 ppm), Mercury in cream no.19 (17,548.86 ppm ), Titanium in cream no. 25 (1,112.15 ppm), Lead in cream no. 15 (356.47 ppm), Cadmium in cream no. 15 (7.77 ppm), Arsenic in cream no. 16 (1.96 ppm) and Thallium in cream no. 6 (0.74 ppm). Titanium dioxide calculated in all creams then compared with tolerance concentration of elements that get under Saudi Food and Drug Administration. All samples passed the bacteria count test except cream no. 27 (2.3×10000 cfu/g). No creams have any bacteria types under study. Recommendation: warning the consumers who who bleaching creams and advise them to consult a dermatology doctor befor using them. |
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Supervisor |
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amea saleh alatas |
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Thesis Type |
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Doctorate Thesis |
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Publishing Year |
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1432 AH
2011 AD |
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Number Of Pages |
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319 |
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Co-Supervisor |
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hassen abdulalgader albaar |
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Added Date |
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Tuesday, August 27, 2013 |
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Researchers
| فاتن محمد زيني | zainiy, faten mohammed | Investigator | Doctorate | |
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